Keyboard Shortcuts (Microsoft Windows)

More than 100 Keyboard Shortcuts must Read & Share:

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1. CTRL+C (Copy)
2. CTRL+X (Cut)
3. CTRL+V (Paste)
4. CTRL+Z (Undo)
5. DELETE (Delete)
6. SHIFT+DELETE (Delete the selected item permanently without placing the item in the Recycle Bin)
7. CTRL while dragging an item (Copy the selected item)
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8. CTRL+SHIFT while dragging an item (Create a shortcut to the selected item)
9. F2 key (Rename the selected item)
10. CTRL+RIGHT ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next word)
11. CTRL+LEFT ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous word)
12. CTRL+DOWN ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next paragraph)
13. CTRL+UP ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous paragraph)
14. CTRL+SHIFT with any of the arrow keys (Highlight a block of text)
SHIFT with any of the arrow keys (Select more than one item in a window or on the desktop, or select text in a document)
15. CTRL+A (Select all)
16. F3 key (Search for a file or a folder)
17. ALT+ENTER (View the properties for the selected item)
18. ALT+F4 (Close the active item, or quit the active program)
19. ALT+ENTER (Display the properties of the selected object)
20. ALT+SPACEBAR (Open the shortcut menu for the active window)
21. CTRL+F4 (Close the active document in programs that enable you to have multiple documents open simultaneously)
22. ALT+TAB (Switch between the open items)
23. ALT+ESC (Cycle through items in the order that they had been opened)
24. F6 key (Cycle through the screen elements in a window or on the desktop)
25. F4 key (Display the Address bar list in My Computer or Windows Explorer)
26. SHIFT+F10 (Display the shortcut menu for the selected item)
27. ALT+SPACE BAR (Display the System menu for the active window)
28. CTRL+ESC (Display the Start menu)
29. ALT+Underlined letter in a menu name (Display the corresponding menu) Underlined letter in a command name on an open menu (Perform the corresponding command)
30. F10 key (Activate the menu bar in the active program)
31. RIGHT ARROW (Open the next menu to the right, or open a sub menu)
32. LEFT ARROW (Open the next menu to the left, or close a sub menu)
33. F5 key (Update the active window)
34. BACKSPACE (View the folder one level up in My Computer or Windows Explorer)
35. ESC (Cancel the current task)
36. SHIFT when you insert a CD-ROM into the CD-ROM drive (Prevent the CD-ROM from automatically playing)
Dialog Box - Keyboard Shortcuts
1. CTRL+TAB (Move forward through the tabs)
2. CTRL+SHIFT+TAB (Move backward through the tabs)
3. TAB (Move forward through the options)
4. SHIFT+TAB (Move backward through the options)
5. ALT+Underlined letter (Perform the corresponding command or select the corresponding option)
6. ENTER (Perform the command for the active option or button)
7. SPACE BAR (Select or clear the check box if the active option is a check box)
8. Arrow keys (Select a button if the active option is a group of option buttons)
9. F1 key (Display Help)
10. F4 key (Display the items in the active list)
11. BACKSPACE (Open a folder one level up if a folder is selected in the Save As or Open dialog box)
Microsoft Natural Keyboard Shortcuts
1. Windows Logo (Display or hide the Start menu)
2. Windows Logo+BREAK (Display the System Properties dialog box)
3. Windows Logo+D (Display the desktop)
4. Windows Logo+M (Minimize all of the windows)
5. Windows Logo+SHIFT+M (Restore the minimized windows)
6. Windows Logo+E (Open My Computer)
7. Windows Logo+F (Search for a file or a folder)
8. CTRL+Windows Logo+F (Search for computers)
9. Windows Logo+F1 (Display Windows Help)
10. Windows Logo+ L (Lock the keyboard)
11. Windows Logo+R (Open the Run dialog box)
12. Windows Logo+U (Open Utility Manager)
13. Accessibility Keyboard Shortcuts
14. Right SHIFT for eight seconds (Switch Filter Keys either on or off)
15. Left ALT+left SHIFT+PRINT SCREEN (Switch High Contrast either on or off)
16. Left ALT+left SHIFT+ NUM LOCK (Switch the Mouse Keys either on or off)
17. SHIFT five times (Switch the Sticky Keys either on or off)
18. NUM LOCK for five seconds (Switch the Toggle Keys either on or off)
19. Windows Logo +U (Open Utility Manager)
20. Windows Explorer Keyboard Shortcuts
21. END (Display the bottom of the active window)
22. HOME (Display the top of the active window)
23. NUM LOCK+Asterisk sign (*) (Display all of the sub folders that are under the selected folder)
24. NUM LOCK+Plus sign (+) (Display the contents of the selected folder)
MMC Console keyboard shortcuts
1. SHIFT+F10 (Display the Action shortcut menu for the selected item)
2. F1 key (Open the Help topic, if any, for the selected item)
3. F5 key (Update the content of all console windows)
4. CTRL+F10 (Maximize the active console window)
5. CTRL+F5 (Restore the active console window)
6. ALT+ENTER (Display the Properties dialog box, if any, for theselected item)
7. F2 key (Rename the selected item)
8. CTRL+F4 (Close the active console window. When a console has only one console window, this shortcut closes the console)
Remote Desktop Connection Navigation
1. CTRL+ALT+END (Open the Microsoft Windows NT Security dialog box)
2. ALT+PAGE UP (Switch between programs from left to right)
3. ALT+PAGE DOWN (Switch between programs from right to left)
4. ALT+INSERT (Cycle through the programs in most recently used order)
5. ALT+HOME (Display the Start menu)
6. CTRL+ALT+BREAK (Switch the client computer between a window and a full screen)
7. ALT+DELETE (Display the Windows menu)
8. CTRL+ALT+Minus sign (-) (Place a snapshot of the active window in the client on the Terminal server clipboard and provide the same functionality as pressing PRINT SCREEN on a local computer.)
9. CTRL+ALT+Plus sign (+) (Place a snapshot of the entire client window area on the Terminal server clipboard and provide the same functionality as pressing ALT+PRINT SCREEN on a local computer.)
Microsoft Internet Explorer Keyboard Shortcuts
1. CTRL+B (Open the Organize Favorites dialog box)
2. CTRL+E (Open the Search bar)
3. CTRL+F (Start the Find utility)
4. CTRL+H (Open the History bar)
5. CTRL+I (Open the Favorites bar)
6. CTRL+L (Open the Open dialog box)
7. CTRL+N (Start another instance of the browser with the same Web address)
8. CTRL+O (Open the Open dialog box,the same as CTRL+L)
9. CTRL+P (Open the Print dialog box)
10. CTRL+R (Update the current Web page)
11. CTRL+W (Close the current window)

Data compression

In computer science and information theory, data compression, source coding, or bit-rate reduction involves encoding information using fewer bits than the original representation.

Advantages of File Compression

• Storage space - Smaller files mean less space for storage and now files can be compressed up to 1/100th of the original
• Electricity - Every peny that you spend on storage, you need to spend another dollar on cooling, therefore if you save on storage, you save on cooling
• Viewing - Files no longer need to be downloaded in their entirety before viewing because they are now able to open while they are being downloaded
• Printing - Files can now be printed 10-100 times faster
• Transmission time - Uploading and downloading will no longer be an issue since uploading and downloading takes only 1/10th of the time it would normally take

If you download many programs and files off the Internet, you've probably encountered ZIP files before. This compression system is a very handy invention, especially for Web users, because it lets you reduce the overall number of bits and bytes in a file so it can be transmitted faster over slower Internet connections, or take up less space on a disk. Once you download the file, your computer uses a program such as WinZip or Stuffit to expand the file back to its original size. If everything works correctly, the expanded file is identical to the original file before it was compressed.

At first glance, this seems very mysterious. How can you reduce the number of bits and bytes and then add those exact bits and bytes back later? As it turns out, the basic idea behind the process is fairly straightforward. In this article, we'll examine this simple method as we take a very small file through the basic process of compression.

Most types of computer files are fairly redundant -- they have the same information listed over and over again. File-compression programs simply get rid of the redundancy. Instead of listing a piece of information over and over again, a file-compression program lists that information once and then refers back to it whenever it appears in the original program.

Cloud Computing

These days Cloud Computing is the Buzz Word and it is being used to run various types of business applications. In very simple terms Cloud Computing is delivery of pooled network resources such as CPU, RAM, Storage, Software over the web. These services can be rapidly provided and released on demand.

In Simple words “Providing Hosted Services Over The Internet”.

An Introduction of Cloud Computing:

A working definition of cloud computing could be delivering hosted services over the Internet. As most of these services are based on cloud computing, there is little use of a number of software and free spaces space in the computer.                                                                                    It is not alien to common man, as we are already using Cloud-Computing while using Internet. This much talked about services is already part of Gmail, YahooMail, Hotmail, MSN and other email services.

What is Cloud Computing?

The Cloud Computing is another revolution in Internet technology. In case of Cloud computing, network resources such as CPU's, RAM, Storage space, Servers, Services etc.. are available in a resource pool. These all services can be accessed on demand. So, for example if your application needs the more processing power then it can request for more CPU's from the resource pool. Once your processing is done it can be released back to the resource pool.

                      These days hosting companies are providing cloud servers, cloud storage, software hosted on the cloud environment. Cloud computing helps the business to get the required computing resources at very minimal cost. Once the work is done you can release the Cloud resources. You will be charged only for your usage. This ways business can save lot of money. You can use Cloud computing environment and pay on the basis of resource usage. The Cloud computing companies are also providing cloud resources and charging Fixed monthly costs.

The Cloud Competing is mostly used to provide the virtual servers to the client. The Cloud hosting services is good for small as well as big businesses. As most of these services are based on cloud computing, there is little use of a number of software and free spaces space in the computer. For instance, if you are using email service provider like gmail or yahoo you have all the data stored on the server of the company providing these services. The hard disk of your computer doesn't store even a fractional amount of this data. Only thing our computers do is showing the data.

The name cloud computing is given as this service is analogous to the cloud in the sky. As the cloud has potential for rain but it doesn't brings rain everywhere, likewise the cloud computing servers has all the information but it delivers only requested information.

Here are a few types of public cloud computing:

•        Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)

•        Platform as a service (PaaS)

•        Software as a service (SaaS)

•        Storage as a service (STaaS)

•        Security as a service (SECaaS)

•        Data as a service (DaaS)

Components of Cloud Commuting environment:

Server Hardware

Most companies are using high end servers to make Cloud computing environment.

Cloud OS

The Cloud OS is installed on the hardware. Cloud OS allows the companies to distribute and manage the resources of the Cloud system. It also provides the control panel to see the status of the over all system.

Some of the Cloud OS are eyeOS, VMware Cloud Operating System, icloud, Cloudo, Cornelios etc...

 

  

 With the help of utilities provided by Cloud OS you can create virtual server for your clients. Your client can login and use the allocated virtual server/resources. You can increase and decrease the resource usage by client.

 

Parts:

Cloud computing services comprise of two parts named Front end and Back end. Both these parts are connected through an effective medium called Internet. In terms of the cloud Computing, the computers used by common man are considered front-end part. One has to install some programs on their computers so that they can access the services from the cloud. Server computers and Data Storage systems are considered Back end part of cloud computing system.

Cloud Computing is growing fast and companies are taking full advantage of the services provided by Cloud computing.The cloud computing services have various advantages for businesses and individuals.

Benefits of Cloud Computing

 We can get to the information from any place.

 Certification of Protection of Datas.

 Can use free open source software.

Business advantages of Cloud Computing

 Pay for only using volume.

 It is easy and very speed.

 Can be paid monthly.

 Can work according to the standard.

 Amount of workers and workspace are less .